The cessation was glibly attributed to the Great Fire: but in every other city in England the Plague ceased at about the same time
November 21, 2013 § Leave a comment
While virtually all mainstream economists believe in a long-term Say’s Law (supply creates demand, so the ultimate constraint on long term growth comes from the supply side), the real constraint on long-term growth in a developed capitalist economy is always on the demand side. (Note that there’s nothing new in the Summers/Krugman recognition of secular stagnation; David Levy called it a “contained depression” in 1991; Wallace Peterson announced a “silent depression” in 1994; and I demonstrated in 1999 that the problem is chronically constrained demand. At a recent Levy Institute conference in Rio, Paul McCulley laid out what he called a fundamental economic principle: Microeconomics and Macroeconomics are inherently different disciplines. Macro is demand-side; micro is supply-side. For any practical time horizon, demand always drives supply.)
I know what I’m saying is heretical, even though it is fully backed by all the data. And this stagnation is not due to a liquidity trap, or to a negative “natural” rate of interest. It is in the nature of the productivity of capitalist investment in plant and equipment. To put it in simple terms, the problem is that investment is just too damned productive. read more
PHOTOGRAPH: Antonio Olmos
your optimism strikes me like junk mail addressed to the dead
May 31, 2013 § Leave a comment
Consider a game like Mass Effect, in which sex is a goal, the reward for a series of obviously correct dialogue choices — “kindness is a currency”.
Sex in Mass Effect is a cutscene in which the player puts down the controller and watches two bodies awkwardly interface with one another. It is precisely the moment at which the player is no longer touching the game.
Sex is a movie, sex is a show, sex is a two-minute, pre-recorded, predictable sequence of events.
It may involve two parties of the same gender, but it is never queer.
When sex isn’t a cutscene, the prize, it’s totally mechanistic, linear. It’s about increasing a gauge, building up a number. Orgasm = level-up.
It’s about control in the most unsexy way possible, the fantasy of bodies that bend to our perfect wills and always perform just like we expect them to.
This translates to games that want us to keep going forever, that present us with the fantasy of an endless, unidimensional sexuality — of immortality.
They demand only that we keep playing, offering us only periodic, quantified rewards provided at intervals precisely calculated to maintain our attention. We grind for loot drops, play through hours of identical firefights for little bursts of character development, run through a massive dungeon fighting the same monsters over and over in between solving supposedly interesting sliding block puzzles.
And we are told that this minimal, repetitive engagement with gross, exploitative systems constitutes the highest, purest form of play.
“It gets better after the first 10 hours.”
“The endgame is really rewarding.”
“You just have to get to level 20, then things get really good.”
These are the words of sick players.
We are taught that the default protagonist is a straight white cis man with a malicious or absent relationship to bodies. That he represents the default, neutral choice.
There is no such thing as neutrality. What we call neutrality is an absence, a denial of bodies and their biology.
We are told to ignore our own representation, our physicality, our lived experience when we create.
Otherwise we become threatening. read more
PHOTOGRAPH: Susu Laroche
my nerves are bad to-night 